Areas 18 miles (30km) from the borders with Benin, Burkina Faso and Ghana: HIGH
The volatile security situation in eastern and south-eastern Burkina Faso and northern Benin has fuelled a threat of cross-border militancy and banditry as well as kidnapping in areas of northern Togo bordering Burkina Faso and Benin. Sporadic attacks by Islamist militants operating in the Sahel should be expected in response to security operations or to test security force capabilities. They will continue to target security force personnel and outposts along the border. Simultaneously, cross-border incursions and smuggling activity in the region will persist.